FEATURES OF SELECTION OF OPTIMAL TYPES OF DENTAL IMPLANT

Abstract

Dental implantation was introduced into dentistry many years ago. Over the past decade, this direction has become the most common direction in surgical dentistry for the complete restoration of a toothless jaw [1, 8, 17, 23, 26].
The classification of dental implantation can be divided into several categories according to those or properties [3, 6, 9, 16, 25]. According to the shape of the intraosseous part, implants are: in the form of tooth roots (screw, cylindrical); plate-shaped; combined form [5, 7, 13, 27]. By design, implants are divided into: collapsible and non-removable [12, 14, 22, 28]. Cylindrical implants are highly effective when used as a support for orthopedic structures; they have a simple installation method; has different types of abutments, which creates conditions for reliable fixation of orthopedic structures [1, 10, 19, 29].
Plate implants consist of intraosseous and extraosseous parts. The intraosseous part forms a plate with holes and is located in the thickness of the spongy bone of the jaw [4, 20, 21, 24, 30]. The extraosseous part forms a neck and is located at the level of the crest of the alveolar process of the jaw and the mucous membrane. The next part, the support head protrudes above the mucous membrane and is intended for attaching a denture [2, 11, 15, 18].