RISK FACTORS FOR ANEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Abstract

This article discusses chronic heart failure (CHF) as a significant public health problem, which is characterized by high mortality, frequent rehospitalization of patients and, as a result, a high financial burden on the healthcare system. According to the recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), HF is “a clinical syndrome characterized by typical complaints or symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling of the legs and weakness, which are accompanied by such external manifestations or signs as increased pressure in the jugular vein, moist rales over lungs and peripheral edema as a result of abnormal cardiac structure and/or impaired cardiac function, which ultimately leads to decreased cardiac output and/or increased intracardiac pressure at rest or during stress.”